| 1. | The more intense a light , the more photons are absorbed by the visual pigments , the greater the excitation of each cone , and the brighter the light appears
光越强，视色素吸收到的光子数目就越多，每个锥细胞的兴奋程度也越大，所感受到的光也就越亮。 |
| 2. | Because human and avian visual pigments are not identical , this mixture was different from what we would predict for humans asked to make the same color match
因为人类与鸟类的视色素不完全一样，鸟类所看到的红绿混合光比率，应该不同于人类对同一黄光的红绿配色比率。 |
| 3. | Some wavelengths are absorbed better than others , and each visual pigment is characterized by a spectrum that describes how absorption varies with wavelength
这是因为锥细胞对不同波长的吸收能力不同，而且，每个视色素的差异在于其吸收光谱，也就是对不同波长的吸收率差异。 |
| 4. | The important conclusion to draw here is that for the brain to see color , it must compare the responses of two or more classes of cones containing different visual pigments
因此，我们要下的重要结论是：大脑要能看到颜色，就必须比较来自两种或两种以上、含有不同视色素的锥细胞的反应。 |
| 5. | If the birds responded to the lights as we predicted , that result would confirm our measurements of visual pigments and oil droplets and would allow us to go on to explore whether and how the ultraviolet - sensitive cones are involved in color vision
假设鸟类对光的反应一如我们所预期，那麽就可以证实我们对视色素与油滴的测量结果是对的，也就可以让我们继续探讨，对紫外光敏感的锥细胞是否会参与以及如何参与色觉过程。 |
| 6. | A visual pigment may absorb two wavelengths equally , but even though their photons contain different energies , the cone cannot tell them apart , because they both cause the retinal to change shape and thus trigger the same molecular cascade leading to excitation
同一个视色素可能对两种不同波长的吸收能力一样好，但即使这两种波长的光子能量不同，锥细胞也无法将之区分开来，因为这两种光都会改变视黄醛的形状，因而引发同样的分子事件，造成锥细胞的兴奋。 |
